11. Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments, trade receivables, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximated their carrying values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 primarily due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. On October 21, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $450 million aggregate principal amount of 5.125% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “Senior Notes”). Based on market trades of the Senior Notes close to March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (Level 1 fair value measurement), the fair value of the Senior Notes was estimated at approximately $373.9 million and $391.8 million, respectively, compared to a gross carrying value of $450 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair values of the other long-term debt approximated their respective carrying values as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to the frequency with which interest rates are reset based on changes in prevailing interest rates. The fair value of fuel futures contracts was determined using NYMEX quoted values.

The contingent consideration from the acquisition of the business of Empire Petroleum Partners, LLC is measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $3.5 million and $3.4 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value methodology for the contingent consideration liability is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. Approximately $0.1 million was recorded as components of interest and other financial expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the contingent consideration for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and approximately $0.02 million

and $(0.7) million of expenses (income) were recorded as components of other expenses, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The public warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”), of which approximately 14.8 million were outstanding as of March 31, 2024, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $7.4 million and $16.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Public Warrants is categorized as Level 1. Approximately $9.0 million and $3.8 million were recorded as components of interest and other financial income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the change in the fair value of the Public Warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The private warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock (the “Private Warrants”), of which approximately 2.5 million were outstanding as of March 31, 2024, are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $0.9 million and $2.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Private Warrants is categorized as Level 2 because certain inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Private Warrants have been recorded at fair value based on a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:

For the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants, approximately $1.5 million and $1.0 million were recorded as components of interest and other financial income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The founders of Haymaker (as defined in Note 11 to the annual financial statements) will be entitled to up to 200 thousand shares of common stock to be issued subject to the number of incremental shares of common stock issued to the holders of the Series A redeemable preferred stock not being higher than certain thresholds (the “Additional Deferred Shares”). The Additional Deferred Shares are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period and amounted to $0.9 million and $1.3 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The fair value methodology for the Additional Deferred Shares is categorized as Level 3 because inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value adjustment. The Additional Deferred Shares have been recorded at fair value based on a Monte Carlo pricing model with the following material assumptions based on observable and unobservable inputs:

For the change in the fair value of the Additional Deferred Shares, approximately $0.4 million and $0.1 million were recorded as components of interest and other financial income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.